Isikhalazo mayelana nokuba khona kwezikhali zenuzi e-Italy

Ibhalwe ngu-Alessandro Capuzzo

Ngomhla zi-2 kuMfumfu, isikhalazo esasayinwa ngabanye ngamalungu angu-22 ezinhlangano ezilwela ukulwa nezempi sathunyelwa eHhovisi Lomshushisi LeNkantolo YaseRoma: Abbasso la guerra (Phansi nempi), Donne e uomini contro la guerra (Abesifazane namadoda ngokumelene impi), i-Associazione Papa Giovanni XXIII (uPapa John XXIII Association), Centro di documentazione del Manifesto Pacifista Internazionale (Isikhungo Sombhalo se-International Pacifist Manifesto), Tavola della Pace Friuli Venezia Giulia (Friuli Venezia Giulia Giulia Ithebula Lokuthula Lokuthula), Regliteàri Ithebula Lokuthula ( International Solidarity Welcome Rights Network), Pax Christi, Pressenza, WILPF, Centro sociale 28 maggio (May 28 Social Center), Coordinamento No Triv (No Triv Coordinator), kanye nezakhamuzi ezizimele.

Phakathi kwabamangali bekukhona osolwazi basemanyuvesi, abameli, odokotela, ababhali bezincwadi, amavolontiya, othisha, omama bemizi, abahola impesheni, oFata baseComboni. Abanye babo baziwa kakhulu, njengoMoni Ovadia noBaba u-Alex Zanotelli. Umkhulumeli wabangu-22 ngummeli u-Ugo Giannangeli.

Abameli u-Joachim Lau noClaudio Giangiacomo, base-IALANA Italia, bafake isikhalazo egameni labamangali.

Isikhalazo saboniswa abagqugquzeli esithangamini sabezindaba esasibanjwe, ngokuphawulekayo, phambi kwesizinda sezempi saseGhedi, lapho imithombo egunyaziwe ikholelwa ukuthi kunezixhobo zenuzi.

Izithombe zesithangami sabezindaba ezethula isikhalazo, phambi kwesizinda sezindiza zenuzi eGhedi

Bacelwa ukuthi baphenye ukuba khona kwezikhali zenuzi e-Italy kanye nemithwalo yemfanelo engenzeka

Isikhalo esafakwa ngo-Okthoba 2, 2023, phambi kweHhovisi Lomshushisi Wenkantolo YaseRoma licela izimantshi eziphenyayo ukuba ziphenye, okokuqala, ukuze zinqume ukuba khona kwezikhali zenuzi endaweni yase-Italy futhi, ngenxa yalokho, izibopho ezingase zibe khona, kusukela umbono wobugebengu, ngenxa yokungeniswa nokutholakala kwayo.

Isikhalo sithi ukuba khona kwezikhali zenuzi endaweni yase-Italy kungabhekwa njengeqiniso nakuba kungakaze kuvunyelwe ngokusemthethweni ohulumeni abahlukahlukene abaye balandela. Imithombo miningi futhi isukela ezihlokweni zentatheli ezingakaze zinqatshelwe ukuya kumajenali esayensi agunyaziwe kanye nemicimbi yezepolitiki.

Umbiko uhlukanisa phakathi kwemithombo kazwelonke neyamazwe ngamazwe.

Phakathi kweyokuqala impendulo kaNgqongqoshe uMauro embuzweni wephalamende ka-February 17, 2014, impendulo ethi, ngokuzama ukwenza kube semthethweni ukuba khona kwamadivayisi, ibona ngokucacile ukuba khona kwabo. Imithombo ihlanganisa nombhalo ovela ku-CASD (Isikhungo Sezifundo Zokuvikela Okuphakeme) kanye ne-CEMISS (Isikhungo Sezempi Sezifundo Zamasu).

Imithombo yamazwe ngamazwe nayo miningi. Kuyafaneleka ukugqamisa uphenyo olwenziwa yiBellingcat (inhlangano yabacwaningi, izifundiswa nezintatheli eziphenyayo) ngoMeyi 28, 2021. Imiphumela yalolu phenyo iyaxaka, njengoba ngenkathi ohulumeni baseYurophu bephikelela ekufihleni lonke ulwazi, amasosha ase-US asebenzisa izicelo ukugcina inani elikhulu ledatha edingekayo yokugcina izikhali. Sekwenzekile ukuthi amarekhodi alezi zicelo abe yisizinda somphakathi ngenxa yobudedengu bamasosha ase-US ekusetshenzisweni kwawo.

Ngokusekelwe emithonjeni eminingi ekhonjiwe, ukuba khona kwemishini yenuzi e-Italy kungabhekwa njengokuqinisekile, ikakhulukazi mayelana ne-90 ezisekelweni ze-Ghedi ne-Aviano.

Isikhalazo sikhumbula ukuthi i-Italy yavumelana neSivumelwano Sokungavikeleki (NPT)

Isikhalazo sikhumbula ukuthi i-Italy yagunyaza iSivumelwano Sokungavikeleki (NPT) ngo-April 24, 1975, esisekelwe esimisweni sokuthi amazwe anezikhali zenuzi (okuthiwa "amazwe enuzi") azibophezele ukuthi angazidluliseli izikhali zenuzi kulezo ezinazo. awanazo (abizwa ngokuthi "amazwe angewona awenuzi"), kuyilapho akamuva, okuhlanganisa ne-Italy, azibophezela ukuthi angeke athole futhi/noma athole ukulawula okuqondile noma okungaqondile kwezikhali zenuzi (izihloko I, II, III).

I-Italy, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ayizange isayine noma ivume iSivumelwano Sokuvinjelwa Kwezikhali Zenuzi esigunyazwe ngoJulayi 7, 2017 yi-UN General Assembly futhi esaqala ukusebenza ngoJanuwari 22, 2021. Ngisho nalapho lesi siginesha singekho ngokusobala nangokuzenzakalelayo kuzofaneleka ukuba nezikhali zenuzi njengokungekho emthethweni, isikhalazo simi kwelokuthi ukungabi semthethweni kuyiqiniso.

Okulandelayo, wenza isibuyekezo sokuhlaziya imithetho ehlukene yezikhali (Umthetho 110/75; uMthetho 185/90; uMthetho 895/67; i-TULPS Testo Unico delle leggi di pubblica sicurezza) bese ephetha ngokuthi amathuluzi e-athomu awela ngaphakathi kwencazelo. "yezikhali zempi" (Umthetho 110/75) kanye "nempahla yezikhali" (Umthetho 185/90, art. 1).

Okokugcina, isikhalazo sibhekana nombuzo wokuba khona noma ukungabikho kwamalayisensi okungenisa kanye/noma noma ukugunyazwa, uma kubhekwa ukuthi ubukhona bawo obuqinisekisiwe endaweni busho ukuthi badlula umngcele.

Ukuthula mayelana nokuba khona kwezikhali ze-athomu nakho kuthinta ngokungenakugwenywa ukuba khona noma ukungabikho kwezigunyazo zokungenisa. Noma yikuphi ukugunyazwa kuzophinde kungqubuzane ne-athikili 1 yoMthetho 185/90, esungula: "Ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, ukungenisa, ukuthutha, ukudluliswa kwangaphakathi komphakathi kanye nokulamula kwempahla yezikhali, kanye nokudluliselwa kwamalayisensi okukhiqiza afanele kanye nokuthuthwa kokukhiqiza. , kumele ivumelane nenqubomgomo yezangaphandle neyokuvikela yase-Italy. "Imisebenzi enjalo ilawulwa uMbuso ngokuhambisana nezimiso zoMthethosisekelo weRiphabhulikhi, owenqaba impi njengendlela yokuxazulula izingxabano zamazwe ngamazwe."

Isikhalazo sikhomba Ihhovisi Lomshushisi LaseRome njengenkundla efanelekile yokuzibandakanya okungenakugwenywa kukaHulumeni wase-Italy ekuphathweni kwezikhali zenuzi.

Isikhalo, esesekwa yizijobelelo eziyi-12, sisayinwe yizishoshovu ezingama-22, abalwela ukuthula nabamelene nezempi, abanye babo abanezikhundla eziphezulu ezinhlanganweni zikazwelonke.